Micro engineering

Microengineering is the science and practice of designing and fabricating systems, devices, and components at microscopic scales. Rooted in disciplines such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, materials science and nanotechnology, microengineering enables the precise manipulation of structures and mechanisms to achieve high functionality in compact forms.

Microengineering relies on advanced manufacturing techniques such as photolithography, etching, and thin-film deposition, originally developed for the semiconductor industry. These processes allow for the creation of highly detailed, three-dimensional structures.
As components shrink, though, surface forces like friction and adhesion dominate over inertial forces, requiring engineers to rethink design principles. Precision alignment, thermal management, and minimising parasitic effects are critical for ensuring performance and reliability.